FAQ Level 3 Award in Immediate Response Emergency Care (RQF) - IREC® Blended Part One
Course Content
- Course Introduction
- Principles of Ambulance Service First Responder Care
- Responsibilities of the First Responder
- The Importance of Being Physically and Mentally Fit to Perform the Role
- Protecting Yourself from Potentially Malicious Allegations
- Methods of Continuing Professional Development
- Asking permission and consent to help
- The Hazards that Pose a Risk to Personal Safety
- Actions to Manage Conflict
- Facts And Information About Abuse
- What causes someone to be vulnerable?
- Who might abuse or neglect
- Who Is A Vulnerable Adult?
- Abuse and its Indicators
- Duty of care
- What is Duty of Candour?
- Why is Duty of Candour Important?
- When Things Go Wrong
- Working as Part of a Team
- The purpose of the Equality Act 2010
- Types of discrimination
- Protected characteristics
- Human anatomy and physiology for immediate emergency care
- Assessment of casualties in immediate emergency care
- Complex Scene safety scenario
- Assessing a Major Incident Scene
- DRCA(c)BCDE
- Calling the Emergency Services
- What3Words - location app
- Alternative emergency phone numbers
- Introduction to Initial Patient Care
- Consent to help
- Fears of First Aid
- Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive
- Chain of Survival
- How to use face shields
- Hand Washing
- Waterless hand gels
- Medications and First Aid
- The Ten Second Triage Tool
- Using The Ten Second Triage Tool
- How are 999 Calls Handled
- Basic airway management in emergency care
- Respiration and Breathing
- Postural Drainage
- Peak Flow
- Pocket Masks
- Pocket Mask with Oxygen
- Bag Valve Mask Equipment
- Using a BVM
- Respiratory Injuries Part Three
- Respiratory Injuries Part Four
- Choking Statistics
- Choking Recognition
- Adult Choking
- Choking in children
- Infant Choking
- Trauma from Choking
- Vulnerable People and Choking
- Basic life support and external defibrillation
- Adult CPR Introduction
- RCUK & ERC Resus Guidelines
- When to call for assistance
- Three Steps to Save a Life (2025)
- Cardiac Arrest and CPR Overview
- Adult CPR
- CPR Hand Over
- Compressions Only CPR
- Mouth to Stoma Ventilations
- CPR and the female casualty
- Cardiac Arrest and Pregnancy
- Paediatric Airway
- Child CPR
- Adolescent CPR
- Infant CPR
- Infant Recovery Position
- Cardiac Arrest and the Drowned Patient
- Drowning
- SADS
- Effective CPR
- Improving compressions
- Improving breaths
- AED Introduction
- Types of AED Units
- AED Setup
- How to Use an AED
- Using an AED on an adolescent
- Child AED
- Using an AED on an infant
- Update on AED pad placement
- AED Maintenance
- AED Pads
- AED Batteries
- AED Troubleshooting
- AED Locations
- Community AED Units
- AED Post Resuscitation Procedures
- CPR Risks
- Advanced Decision and DNR CPR in Basic Life Support
- Recognition and Management of Life Extinct
- Post Resusitation Care
- Real time CPR scenario
- ROSC Care
- Paediatric Triage and Assessment
- Management of medical conditions
- Asthma
- Asthma Spacers
- When an Asthma inhaler is not available
- Accuhaler®
- Heart Attack
- Warning signs of cardiac arrest and heart attack
- Heart Attack Position
- Aspirin and the Aspod
- Stable angina
- Hypertension
- Pulse Oximetry
- Epilepsy
- Epilepsy treatment
- Meningitis
- Diabetes
- Blood Sugar Testing
- Poisons and Food Poisoning
- Near and secondary drowning
- Cold water shock
- Shock
- Distributive Shock
- Obstructive Shock
- Pneumothorax
- Types of Pneumothorax
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Intoxicated casualties
- Administration of Medications
- Support the emergency care of wounds, bleeding and burns
- The Pulse
- Capillary Refill
- The Healing Process
- Types of Bleed
- Serious Bleeding
- Ambulance Dressings
- Excessive Blood Loss
- Excessive Bleeding Control
- Blood Loss - A Practical Demonstration
- Embedded Objects
- Knife Wounds
- Trauma and Standard Dressings
- Using trauma dressings
- Amputation Treatment
- Blast Injuries
- Hemostatic Dressing or Tourniquet?
- Air Wrap Dressings
- RapidStop Tourniquet
- CAT Tourniquets
- SOFT-T tourniquet
- STAT Tourniquets
- Improvised Tourniquets
- Tourniquets and Where to Use Them
- Damage caused by tourniquets
- When Tourniquets Don't Work - Applying a Second
- Hemostatic Dressings
- What is Woundclot?
- Woundclot trauma gauze
- How Does Woundclot Work
- Woundclot and knife injuries
- Woundclot and large areas
- Packing a Wound with Celox Z Fold Hemostatic Dressing
- Celox A
- Celox Granules
- Monitoring a Patient
- Coagulopathy
- Burns and burn kits
- Treating a burn
- Management of injuries
- Prioritising first aid
- Pelvic Injuries
- Spinal Injuries
- Rapid Extrication
- SAM Pelvic Sling
- Box Splints
- Spinal Injury
- Opening the airway Jaw Thrust
- Stabilising the spine
- Spinal Recovery Position
- Introduction to Spinal Boards
- The spinal board
- Using the Spinal Board
- The Scoop Stretcher
- Using the scoop stretcher
- Cervical collars
- Vertical C-Spine Immobilisation
- Joint examination
- Adult fractures
- Types of fracture
- Horizontal Slings
- Management of trauma
- Elevated Slings
- Lower limb immobilisation
- Elevation Techniques
- Helmet Removal
- Different Types of Helmets
- The Carry Chair
- Applying Plasters
- Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure
- Eye Injuries
- Electrical Injuries
- Foreign objects in the eye, ears or nose
- Nose bleeds
- Bites and stings
- Chest Injuries
- Foxseal chest seals
- Abdominal Injuries
- Treating Snake Bites
- Types of head injury and consciousness
- ACVPU
- Dislocated Shoulders and Joints
- Other Types of Injury
- Dental Injuries
- Trauma Scenario Examples
- Recognition and management of anaphylaxis
- What is Anaphylaxis
- Living with Anaphylaxis
- Minor allergic reactions
- Common causes of allergic reactions
- What is an Auto-Injector?
- Jext®
- EpiPen®
- Adrenaline nasal spray for anaphylaxis
- Storage and disposal
- Who prescribes auto injectors?
- Checking Auto Injector and Expiry Dates
- Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
- Basic First Aid Advice
- Schools and teachers
- Giving a second dose
- Biphasic Anaphylactic Response
- Administration of oxygen therapy
- What are Medical Gasses
- Oxygen
- When Oxygen is Used
- Contra Indications Of Oxygen
- Hazards of using oxygen
- Hypoxia
- BOC Oxygen Kit
- The BOC Cylinder
- Storage Of Oxygen
- PIN INDEX cylinder
- Oxygen Regulators
- Standard oxygen cylinder
- Transport of Cylinders
- How long does an Oxygen cylinder last?
- Oxygen and Anaphylaxis
- Demand Valves and MTV's
- Non Rebreather Mask
- Nasal Cannula
- Medical gas storage
- Mental Health
- Recognising mental ill health
- Mental Health definition and terminology
- Mental health, stereotyping, stigma and discrimination
- Who can be affected and what are the common triggers
- What is stress
- Anxiety
- Types of mental ill health
- Starting a discussion
- Supporting someone with suicidal thoughts
- What is signposting
- Self-harm and suicide risk
- Course Summary and your Practical Part
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Improvised Tourniquets
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What we're going to do now is looked at improvised tourniquets. Now, you'd only consider using an improvised tourniquet, exactly the same as a commercial one, if direct pressure has not worked. Now, it may well be you're out and about, you don't have a commercial tourniquet available, so you need to use whatever's to hand. What we're doing here is using a triangular bandage, but you could use any strong pliable material, like gauze material, triangular bandages, clothing. We want to have something that's tight but also that's not going to be too tight to cause problems, so try and make sure it's at least 5 cm (2 in) thick. Don't use things like wire, or string, or rope, or shoelaces, as this will cause damage and will just cut into the muscle on the arm. Also, things like leather belts can be a problem, 'cause you won't physically be able to tighten them up enough. Never put an improvised tourniquet over the actual wound site or over a joint, but they can be placed over clothing if necessary, but they are best if they can go directly onto the skin. Now we're going to look at how to actually apply a tourniquet. What I've done is I've pre-folded up a triangular bandage, so it's around about 5 cm minimum thickness. What we're doing is placing this on the upper arm, so we're simulating there's a cut just about here on the arm, so we're placing it on the upper arm. We don't wanna go too near the joint, so you wanna make sure that it's in on the mid-shaft of this bone so that we can put it on and stop all arterial blood flow. To start with, all we're doing is taking the dressing, tying it in a half knot over the top. Just pull that so it's tight, and then we need to be able to tighten it up so we can use anything to hand. I've used a knife here, but it could be anything, a strong lump of timber, or metal, or anything that you've got to hand, but just be careful about the using things like a pen, because as you tighten this up, it's likely the pen will break and it won't be efficient. Once you've laid something over it, then take the bandage and just tie that in place, and then using the knife, just wind it around. All we're doing is we're just winding it around and applying more and more pressure. As this is going on, it will be uncomfortable for the person, so you do need to be telling them that this is going to basically save their life because we need to stop this bleeding. If you apply this on until it's just tight, then the problem there is you're going to stop the venous return and not the arterial, so the blood is going to go this way, but nothing's coming back. You need to stop all blood flow, so keep going tight, and if it is still oozing blood out or spurting blood, you just need to put more pressure on. But once this starts going on, it will slow the blood flow down and it will hopefully start to resolve the problem. Once you've got it into the right position, just using the tails, tuck that round, and then you can go underneath and tie it in place. So once it's tied securely in place, the tourniquet can be left in place, there is no problem with it coming off. If you do see blood flow, you can apply more pressure, but one thing you don't do is take this off. You leave this in place until they get to the emergency medical rooms. Other thing with it doesn't cover it over. We must make sure that all emergency services know that the tourniquet's been applied. If you cover them over with a coat or something like that, it may be in some cases it gets missed. When the paramedics arrive, make sure you tell them you've put a tourniquet on. Also, you get a pen, you can just write a T on their forehead and the time you applied the tourniquet. That's important so that the doctors in the hospital know how long this was in place for. That can help with their treatment of the casualty. Improvised tourniquets are a very, very effective way of stopping bleeding if you don't have a commercial tourniquet available.
Creating an Improvised Tourniquet with a Triangular Bandage
Introduction
In situations where a commercial tourniquet is unavailable, improvising with a triangular bandage can be effective.
Considerations
Before resorting to improvisation, exhaust all options for direct pressure application.
Materials and Construction
Construct the improvised tourniquet using a sturdy, pliable material such as gauze, fabric, or a triangular bandage.
Thickness
To prevent skin damage, ensure the tourniquet is at least 5cm thick when applied.
Avoidance of Harmful Materials
Avoid using wire, string, rope, or shoelaces, as these can cause tissue damage.
Placement Guidelines
Do not position the tourniquet over the wound, fracture, or joint. It can be applied over clothing or directly onto the skin.
Visibility and Monitoring
Keep the tourniquet visible and mark the casualty's forehead with a "T." Note the time of application and inform Emergency Medical Services (EMS) of the intervention.
Important Reminders
Once applied, do not loosen or remove the tourniquet until professional medical assistance arrives.
- IPOSi Unit three LO3.1, 3.2, 3.3 & 3.4
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